It is less than 0.02 miles/h, or approximately 0.03 km/h. (Even 20 in/min is a very slow rate of movement. However, traditional tensile tests are typically conducted at a very low rate of strain, typically ranging from fractions of inches per minute to about 20 in/min. (They are the high-tech version of playing with silly putty.) They involve the use of standard tensile test specimens and standard tensile test equipment. High-speed tensile tests are a form of instrumented impact testing. Larson, in Thermoplastic Material Selection, 2015 5.6.6 High-Speed Tensile Tests In the application of the proposed methodology, we consider two formulations: (i) a restricted problem (models P1-P5), where we fix the number of ingredients, and products with one AI and one, two, three, four or five solvents are determined (i.e., N = 1-6) (ii) the generalized problem (P6), where the number of components is not fixed but bounded by a maximum N max, which takes a value of 6 here (i.e., 1 AI and up to 5 solvents).Įric R. The candidate polymers and solvents used in this case study have been selected based on the effectiveness of the chemicals to achieve product attributes, their cost, health-and-safety issues and environment impact. The optimal AI and solvent components are selected from lists of 4 and 8 candidates, respectively. Pure component and mixture properties, such as toxicity ( τ), viscosity ( η), surface tension ( σ) and evaporation time ( T 90), are evaluated using experimental values or group contribution methods and linear mixing rules (when no experimental property values exist). The liquid phase activity coefficients are calculated with the UNIFAC model. In particular, the mixture problem consists of nonlinear and nonconvex solid-liquid equilibrium relations for calculating the solubility of the AI in solvent mixtures, and the miscibility function to ensure that the generated solvent mixtures are in one liquid phase, as shown in Table 1. The problem includes phase stability and phase equilibrium relations which increase the complexity of the models. The objective of the design problem is to identify an optimal AI and solvents or solvent mixtures that participate in acrylic putty in order to minimise the toxicity of the product. The machines are available from 0.5 kW to several hundred kW units. The discharge of the processed batch is carried out by tilting the dispersion chamber or by a screw transporter which is built into the chamber. The shear forces developed by the rotors can be very high, and they depend on the viscosity of the mix. The bottom of the chamber is curved to form two half-cylinders with a dividing ridge in the middle. The most commonly used rotors are Z-shaped (sigma blade), and two per unit rotate in an intermeshing mode inwards at different speeds in relation to each other to maximize shear in the dispersion chamber. Pugging is a batch process and may be carried out under thermostatically controlled conditions, circulating water or oil through the jacket. Heavy-duty pugs are used mainly for the manufacture of very high viscosity putties, filled rubber solutions, and fillers where the fineness of dispersion is not critical. Farkas, in Paint and Surface Coatings (Second Edition), 1999 8.5.7 Heavy-duty pugs
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